Daudi Mwanambuu, Kihiyo Bakari, Francis Detto, Mwichande Ahmad, Scholastica Elias
Abstract
Anthracnose disease, inflicted by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, remains among the most devastating diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the SSA, where production is challenged by high pathogen diversity, recurrent epidemics, and limited access to clean seed. This review synthesises current perspectives on pathogen biology, epidemiology, and virulence complexity in SSA, emphasising the predominance of highly variable races that challenge durable resistance. Existing management practices, including cultural measures, biological, and chemical methods. These offer partial and often inconsistent control due to resource limitations and the pathogen’s rapid spread. Consequently, Host Plant Resistance (HPR) remains the foundation for sustainable management of anthracnose. We critically examine progress in breeding programs in the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), highlighting the introgression and pyramiding of major Co resistance genes through conventional crossing, backcrossing, and increasingly, MAS approaches. However, the durability of these resistance genes is threatened by emerging virulent strains, narrow genetic bases in breeding pipelines, and inconsistent phenotyping environments across national breeding programs. Opportunities for improvement include strengthening race characterization, exploiting Andean–Mesoamerican diversity, integrating genomic selection, and harmonizing regional screening networks. Overall, effective mitigation of anthracnose in SSA will require coordinated breeding efforts, improved seed systems, and the deployment of diversified and locally adapted resistant cultivars.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.46676/ij-fanres.v7i1.598
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