Andi Eko Wiyono, Iftitah Ariyanti Safitri, Andrew Setiawan Rusdianto, Miftahul Choiron, Ardiyan Dwi Masahid
Abstract
Tobacco leaves have active compounds such as phenols and alkaloids that can be used as antibacterial and antiseptic because they can damage the cell components of microorganisms. Tobacco leaf extract in hand sanitizer gel has been shown to have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli bacteria at a minimum concentration of 0.25%. Hand sanitizer is an antiseptic product that is used to clean hands and is preferred because it is practical, has a cooling and dries quickly when compared to hand soap. To make hand sanitizer products that are safe for the skin, various chemical compounds are used as building blocks, including CMC-Na and glycerin. CMC-Na acts as a gelling agent and glycerin has a role as a vehicle. This study aims to obtain the optimum formula for hand sanitizer gel preparations with variations in the concentration ratio of CMC-Na and glycerin using Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) and to determine the effect of variations in the concentration ratio of CMC-Na and glycerin on physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of the results of the optimum formula for hand sanitizer gel preparations. The research method used in this study is a type of laboratory experiment using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The data obtained from the research results were processed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a 95% confidence level and continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that there were 3 optimum formulas for hand sanitizer gel of tobacco leaf extract based on the desirability value, 0.912 (Formula 1), 0.457 (Formula 4) and 0.653 (Formula 5). The variation of the concentration ratio of CMC-Na and glycerin in the optimum formula showed that CMC-Na had the most dominant influence on physical (homogeneity), chemical (total flavonoid) and microbiological (antibacterial and antiseptic) characteristics. Meanwhile, glycerin has the most dominant influence on product viscosity stability. The three optimum formulas have homogeneous gel characteristics.
Full Text:
References
Afifi, C. dan Sugiarti, L. 2016. Analisis Mikrobiologis Jamu Tujuh Angin Dan Sari Asih PT. Jamu Air Mancur Surakarta Dengan Metode ALT Dan AKK. Jurnal Keperawatan Dan Kesehatan Masyarakat. 1(5): 65–71. https://doi.org/10.7748/nm.23.1.19.s20
Alghamdi, H. A. 2021. A Need to Combat COVID-19; Herbal Disinfection Techniques, Formulations and Preparations of Humas Health Friendly Hand Sanitizers. Saudi Journal of Biologival Sciences. 28: 3943-3947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.077
Asngad, A., Bagas, A., dan Nopitasari, N. 2018. Kualitas Gel Pembersih Tangan (Handsanitizer) Dari Ekstrak Batang Pisang Dengan Penambahan Alkohol, Triklosan Dan Gliserin Yang Berbeda Dosisnya. Jurnal Bioeksperimen. 4(2): 61–70. https://doi.org/10.23917/bioeksperimen.v4i1.2795
Aziz, I., Nurbayti, S., dan Luthfiana, F. 2008. Pemurnian Gliserol Dari Hasil Samping Pembuatan Biodiesel Menggunakan Bahan Baku Minyak Goreng Bekas. Jurnal Kimia Valensi. 1(3): 157–162. https://doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v1i3.226
Badan Pusat Statistik. 2020. Analisis Data Tembakau Provinsi Jawa Timur 2019. Surabaya : BPS Jawa Timur.
Docheva, M., Dagnon, S., dan Statkova-Abeghe, S. 2014. Flavonoid Content And Radical Scavenging Potential Of Extracts Prepared From Tobacco Cultivars And Waste. Natural Product Research. 28(17): 1328–1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.902947
Erwiyani, A. R., Cahyani, A. S., Mursyidah, L., Sunnah, I., dan Pujistuti, A. 2021. Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Krim Tabir Surya Ekstrak Daging Labu Kuning (Cucurbita maxima). Majalah Farmasetika. 6(5): 386–397. https://doi.org/10.24198/mfarmasetika.v6i5.35969
Fadhilah, U., Slamet, S., dan Pambudi, D. B. 2020. Optimasi Asam Jawa (Tamarindus indica L) Dan Asam Sitrat Dalam Tablet Effervescent Dengan Menggunakan Design Expert. Farmasains. 20(20): 1–10.
Lachman, L., Herberta, L., Kanig, J. L., dan Suyatmi, S. 2007. Teori Dan Prakterk Farmasi Industri. Universitas Indonesia Press. 3: 1091–1098.
Mochtar, M. M. R., Nasyanka, A. L., dan Tiadeka, P. 2021. Perbandingan Carbomer Dan CMC-Na Sebagai Gelling Agent Pada Formulasi Hand Sanitizer Aloe Vera. Jurnal Sintesis : Penelitian Sains Terapan Dan Analisisnya. 2(2): 88–96. https://doi.org/10.56399/jst.v2i2.23
Naiu, A. S., dan Yusuf, N. 2018. Nilai Sensoris Dan Viskositas Skin Cream Menggunakan Gelatin Tulang Tuna Sebagai Pengemulsi Dan Humektan. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 21(2): 199–207. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v21i2.22838
Nurdianti, L., Rosiana, D., dan Aji, N. 2018. Evaluasi sediaan emulgel anti jerawat tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) Oil Dengan Menggunakan HPMC Sebagai Gelling Agent. Journal of Pharmacopolium. 1(1): 23–31. https://doi.org/10.36465/jop.v1i1.392
Nurnasari, E. dan Prabowo, P. 2019. Pengaruh Ukuran Sampel Dan Lama Waktu Destilasi Terhadap Rendemen Minyak Atsiri Tembakau Lokal Indonesia. Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri. 11(2): 47–57. https://doi.org/10.21082/btsm.v11n2.2019.47
Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 109 Tahun 2012. Pengamanan Bahan Yang Mengandung Zat Adiktif Berupa Produk Tembakau Bagi Kesehatan. 24 Desember 2012. Lembaran Negara Indonesia Tahun 2012 Nomor 278. Jakarta.
Rahayu, T., Fudholi, A., dan Fitria, A. 2016. Optimasi Formulasi Gel Ekstrak Daun Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum) Dengan Variasi Kadar Karbopol 940 Dan TEA Menggunakan Metode Simplex Lattice Design (SLD). Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi. 12(1): 22–34. https://doi.org/10.20885/jif.vol12.iss1.art3
Rahmaningtyas, E., Yusa, N. M., dan Puspawati, N. N. 2013. Pengaruh penambahan CMC (Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose) Terhadap Karakteristik Sirup Salak Bali (Salacca zalacca var. Amboinensin) Selama Penyimpanan. 20-29.
Ramadhani, R. A., Riyadi, D. H. S., Triwibowo, B., dan Kusumaningtyas, R. D. 2017. Review Pemanfaatan Design Expert Untuk Optimasi Komposisi Campuran Minyak Nabati Sebagai Bahan Baku Sintesis Biodiesel. Jurnal Teknik Kimia Dan Lingkungan. 1(1): 11–16. https://doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v1i1.5
Rastina, R., Sudarwanto, M., dan Wientarsih, I. 2015. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kari (Murraya koenigii) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Dan Pseudomonas sp. Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan. 9(2): 185–188. https://doi.org/10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v9i2.2842
Rowe, R. C., Sheshkey, P. J., dan Quinn, M. E. 2009. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. 6th ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press.
Song, B., Jianqiang Y., Frederick L. S., Li C., Dan L., Lingsi M., Shuai X.,
Yongping F., and Yu L. 2018. Assessing The Effect Of Different Agro-Residue as Substrates On Growth Cycle And Yield Of Grifola frondosa And Statistical Optimization Of Substrate Components Using Simplex-Lattice Design. AMB EXPRESS. 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-018-0565-8
Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 06-258-1992. Standar Mutu Detergen Sintetik Pembersih Tangan. 1992. Jakarta: Badan Standarisasi Nasional.
Tunjungsari, D. 2012. Formulasi Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Etanolik Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl.) Dengan Basis Carbomer. Skripsi. Surakarta : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Ulaen, S. P. J., Banne, Y., dan Suatan, R. A. 2012. Pembuatan Salep Anti Jerawat Dari Ekstrak Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.). Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Poltekkes Manado. 3(2).
Wahyuliswari, D. I. 2019. Pengaruh Perbedaan Vehicles Dalam Gel Fraksi Air Ekstrak Umbi Bidara Upas (Merremia mammosa (LOUR.)) Terhadap Kepadatan Kolagen Pada Penyembuhan Luka Diabetik. Skripsi. Jember : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jember.
Wang, W., Yongchun C., Guojin T., and Jinglin T. 2018. Analysis of Agregate Morphological Characteristics for Viscoelastic Properties of Asphalt Mixes Using Simplex Lattice Design. Materials. 11(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11101908
Wani, N. S., Ashish K. B., Vikram P. R., and Rahul Z. 2013. Formulation And Evaluation Of Herbal Sanitizer. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 5(1): 40-43.
Widyawati, L., Mustariani, B. A. A., dan Purmafitriah, E. 2017. Formulasi Sediaan Gel Hand Sanitizer Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata Linn) Sebagai Antibakteri Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Farmasetis. 6(2): 47–57.
Wijaya, J. I. 2013. Formulasi Sediaan Gel Hand Sanitizer Dengan Bahan Aktif Triklosan 1,5% Dan 2%. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya. 2(1): 1–14.
Andrew Setiawan Rusdianto, Winda Amilia, Vina Julie Dwi Sinta. 2021. The Optimization Of Cellulose Content In Tobacco Stems (Nicotiana Tabaccum L.) With Acid Extraction Method And Alkaline Extraction Method. International Journal of Food, Agriculture, and Natural Resources. Vol 2 (2):13-19.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46676/ij-fanres.v4i1.108
There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
